GX & Decarbonization Research

Prosper Mutswiri, Limkile Mpofu, Zamokuhle Mbandlwa

This integrative review examines ESG deficiencies and greenwashing in Sub-Saharan African corporations. It finds that regulatory gaps, voluntary compliance, and self-reporting enable greenwashing, and calls for stronger ESG legislation, ind…

Yucheng Li

This paper examines ESG greenwashing and the 'black box' phenomenon in financial reporting and investment decisions. Through case studies of BP and H&M, it reveals significant discrepancies between ESG ratings and actual corporate disclosur…

Zuhairah Abdul Hadi, Wan Sallha Yusoff, Juraini Zainol Abidin

This systematic literature review examines greenwashing, greenhushing, and greenwishing in corporate sustainability reporting. Using PRISMA, it analyzes 24 studies and identifies three clusters: governance/institutions, markets/stakeholders…

Septarina Prita Dania Sofianti

This paper defines 'green fraud' as deliberate manipulation or concealment of sustainability information. Through a literature review, it identifies forms (exaggerated green claims, emission data discrepancies) and causes (weak verification…

M. Pinarci

This paper proposes a causal inference framework combining BERT and Double Machine Learning to detect greenwashing in corporate sustainability reports. Using synthetic panel data, it identifies approximately 6.5% of high-disclosing firms as…

L. Judijanto

This literature review synthesizes research on green branding vs. greenwashing in developed economies, using signaling, legitimacy, stakeholder, and institutional theories. It finds greenwashing has evolved into dynamic stakeholder manageme…

Aobo Yue, Kei Un Wong, Zongyu Song +1

This study uses China's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan as a quasi-natural experiment to examine whether stringent environmental regulation reduces corporate greenwashing. Using a multi-period difference-in-differences mode…

Frédéric Leroy, Ty Beal, Frank R. Dunshea +9

This paper critically examines the disproportionate focus on dietary greenhouse gas emissions in Western sustainable meat production discourse, arguing that this 'carbon tunnel vision' may neglect other important environmental and sustainab…

Jazman Jakeem, Amrie Firmansyah

This study examines the influence of ESG performance and intellectual capital on earnings management, with board meeting frequency as a moderator, using a sample of 31 Indonesian healthcare firms (109 observations, 2020-2024). Findings show…

Javier Cifuentes-Faura

This critical review examines the green economy and greenwashing, highlighting how conceptual ambiguity and weak regulatory frameworks enable symbolic sustainability practices. It identifies research gaps in standardization, longitudinal ev…

Kartika Noviana Purwiyono, Wiwik Supratiwi

Using panel data from 109 Indonesian manufacturing firms (2017–2023), this study finds that stronger financial performance (ROA) reduces greenwashing (the gap between ESG disclosure and performance). However, high institutional ownership we…

Ikeogwu, Sunny Nwachonimuya, Ph.D, Nwajei, Felix Liberty, PhD

This study examines the effectiveness of ESG assurance in curbing greenwashing among Nigerian oil and gas companies. It finds that environmental reporting without proper verification may enable misleading claims, while high-quality assuranc…

Kun Luo, Bo Qin, Daifei (Troy) Yao

This study examines how regional face culture influences ESG decoupling—the gap between ESG disclosure and performance—using 14,981 firm-year observations from Chinese listed firms. It finds that firms in stronger face-culture regions exhib…

Albert Issac

This paper provides a legal analysis of greenwashing in India's ESG reporting landscape. It identifies critical flaws in current frameworks like BRSR and CCPA guidelines, including the lack of a statutory definition of greenwashing. The pap…

Chinonso Victor Anidiobi

This paper critically analyzes symbolic sustainability reporting in Nigerian banks (2019-2023) using a new ESG Salience Index (ESI) to measure decoupling between philanthropy rhetoric and risk discourse. Findings show rhetorical fluency (UB…

Nurul Widiana Amin, I Putu Sudana, I Gusti Ayu Nyoman Budiasih +1

This study examines greenwashing potential in sustainability reports of four Indonesian cement companies using legitimacy theory. Through content analysis comparing reports and media coverage, it finds all companies exhibit greenwashing: ma…

Feng Gu, Jingze Du, Xinyi Gao

This study treats China's 2018 Environmental Protection Tax Law as an external policy shock and uses a DID design to examine its effect on ESG greenwashing in high-pollution firms. The tax significantly reduces greenwashing by increasing an…

Darlin Aulia

This literature review examines greenwashing practices among Indonesian companies from 2015 to 2025, focusing on accounting, sustainability reporting, and public policy. It finds that greenwashing often takes the form of symbolic, selective…

Papadopoulos, Ioannis

This thesis examines the relationship between long-term CSR commitment and greenwashing, focusing on the moderating role of corporate governance (board function, structure, compensation). Using an unbalanced panel of EU firms in environment…

alessandro maresca

This paper critically examines the informational framing of sustainable finance, arguing that financial viability (V1) and biophysical viability (V2) are semantically misaligned. Using Eurosystem collateral eligibility as a case, it shows t…