GX & Decarbonization Research

Camilla Citterio, Nicolò Golinucci, Lorenzo Rinaldi +1

This paper systematically reviews methodologies and quantitative results on carbon footprint of electricity. It evaluates emission factors by energy source and consistency of accounting methods, highlighting trends. The findings inform ener…

Kimmo Lylykangas, Fabian Dembski, Anssi Joutsiniemi +1

This study investigates the use of urban digital twins (DTs) for subnational spatial greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting. Interviews and case studies from frontrunner cities reveal that current GHG inventories and DT initiatives are largely dis…

Makoto Saito, Hiroko Yamada, Tomohiro Oda

This paper presents NEMS-GHG, a framework for modeling monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions at 1 km resolution across Japan. The 2015 estimates closely match national inventory totals and capture subnational variations, enabling identification…

K. R. Gurney, Bilal Aslam, P. Dass

Climate Trace is an AI-based dataset for roadway-scale GHG emissions. This study compares its onroad CO2 emissions estimates for U.S. urban areas with the Vulcan Project's estimates, finding a mean relative difference of 69.9%. Biases in th…

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This study proposes a 'Regional Carbon Circulation Rate' for small municipalities that have declared zero-carbon cities. The metric visualizes the balance between emissions and sinks within the region, aiding local governments in decarboniz…

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The second edition of these guidelines revises the methodology for evaluating GHG emission reduction contributions from product diffusion across countries and regions. It provides a calculation approach that accounts for global spread, appl…

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This paper reviews various guidance on evaluating greenhouse gas emission reduction contributions, comparing their characteristics. It clarifies differences in frameworks and calculation methods for quantifying corporate emission reductions…

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This study estimates and analyzes greenhouse gas emissions in Minamata City, an environmental model city in Japan. It assesses reduction potentials across sectors and provides insights for local decarbonization strategies. The findings cont…

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This paper describes the development of a database of greenhouse gas emissions for Japanese listed companies using publicly available information. It aims to facilitate analysis of corporate emissions and promote disclosure.

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This document introduces guidelines for calculating and disclosing the contribution to greenhouse gas emission reductions by organizations. It provides methodologies and standards for corporate carbon accounting and climate disclosure.

Kailash Chand Choudhary, Sakshi Rajput, Atul Choudhary +3

Agriculture accounts for about 23% of global GHG emissions, primarily from CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide. This paper proposes an AI-enabled smart carbon farming system to achieve climate-positive agriculture by optimizing carbon sequestra…

Timothy D. Searchinger, Liqing Peng, Daniela Russi +1

This paper suggests that BECCS using forest biomass may lead to decades of net emission increases due to carbon debt, undermining near-term climate targets. It challenges the assumption that forest-based BECCS provides immediate climate ben…

Juraj Petrík, Gert Jan Kramer, Vivian Tunn +1

This paper presents a novel macro-level carbon flow mapping method using national accounts data, applied to the Netherlands with 11 product categories and 12 transformation sectors. Results show heavy reliance on carbon imports/exports and …

Hamza Alhamza, Zindzi Kwavayi, Abdulkarim B Sayed +4

This study conducts a monthly hybrid carbon footprint assessment for a 511-bed Saudi hospital, finding 2023 emissions of 41.76 kt CO₂e with near parity between Scope 2 (49.13%) and Scope 3 (48.55%). Summer electricity peaks from cooling dem…

He Peng Yang, Norhaiza Bt. Khairudin, Danilah Salleh

This study uses 48,187 observations of Chinese A-share firms from 2012 to 2024 to develop an interpretable machine learning model predicting corporate carbon disclosure. GBDT achieves the best out-of-sample performance (R²=0.5191). Key pred…

Jörg Mayer

This policy paper challenges the carbon-centric view of climate interventions by distinguishing the biophysical cooling function of forests (evapotranspiration, BVOCs, cloud formation) from CO₂ sequestration in croplands via mycorrhizal fun…

Wen Zhao, Xiaolong Zhang, Hengzi Huang +1

This paper proposes an improved calculation model for grid carbon emission factors, addressing limitations of the emission factor approach. It incorporates spatial, temporal, and mechanistic optimizations, and provides formulas for deductin…

Anderson Yu

This white paper presents the PADV-NTCC methodology, a non-tradable verification architecture converting verified behavioral data into audit-ready carbon and ESG metrics. Using the Four-Ring Model, it generates Non-Tradable Carbon Records (…

Nurmatov Samandar

This paper assesses the economic cost of greenhouse gas emissions from digital infrastructure including data centers, networks, consumer devices, blockchain, and AI. Using energy consumption data and social cost of carbon estimates, it valu…

Anthony Vaz, Allan Lee Sit Choy

This study investigates factors influencing ESG adoption among Malaysian logistics SMEs, focusing on carbon-conscious reporting under the Simplified ESG Disclosure Guide (SEDG). Using a survey of 156 professionals and regression analysis, i…