GX & Decarbonization Research

Vincent Gagné, Vicky Therrien

This brief offers a practical framework for selecting and implementing sustainability reporting standards (GRI, IR, SASB) based on five factors: primary stakeholders, legitimacy/transparency, industry expectations, regulatory context, and i…

Raluca Guse, Cătălina Gorgan, Elena-Mariana Glăvan +2

This exploratory multiple case study analyzes sustainability statements of six top Romanian listed companies under CSRD and ESRS for FY2024-2025. Using a 70-item coverage index and qualitative reading, it finds that disclosure coverage is s…

Dorottya Sebestyén

This paper analyzes how EU non-financial reporting regulation, evolving from NFRD to CSRD, the 2025 Omnibus package, and the VSME, embeds SMEs through spillover mechanisms. It identifies three pathways: value chain transmission, financial g…

Cynthia A. Williams

This article reviews emerging empirical evidence on the effects of mandatory GHG disclosure on corporate emissions reductions, examining whether disclosure is an effective climate policy tool. Studies from the UK and US show that mandatory …

Silvola, Hanna, Huang, Qinglan, Airola, Amos +1

This second report examines sustainability reporting among Finnish listed companies. Analyzing 172 firms, it finds that after CSRD implementation, average Walk scores (actual performance) improved by 15.7%, with Mid and Small Cap firms show…

Jianjia Chen

This study uses a difference-in-differences design to evaluate the EU CSRD's impact on high-polluting firms. While ESG scores rose post-reform, emission intensity and environmental scores showed only weak improvements, suggesting disclosure…

Marshall Wellington Blay, James Tuffour, Bismark Ackah

Using a balanced panel of 139 countries (2011-2023), this study examines how financial sector governance influences the adoption of sustainability reporting standards. Fixed-effects, dynamic panel, and IV regressions reveal a significant po…

Dana-Simona Gherai, Mariana PIPIȘ, Diana Elisabeta Matica +1

This paper conducts a comparative documentary analysis of ESRS and ISSB standards, using qualitative thematic coding to map disclosure mandates, classify materiality definitions, and assess alignment. Findings show structural interoperabili…

Kelly, Mike

This study codes item-level risk and opportunity disclosures in 40 mandatory ESRS and 30 voluntary VSME reports, finding risks outnumber opportunities by 2.32:1 (mandatory) and 2.93:1 (voluntary), with nearly two-thirds of voluntary reporte…

Lemuel Kenneth David, Jianling Wang, Meiling Luo +1

This study examines the extraterritorial impact of the EU's CSRD on non-EU firms using a quasi-experimental design. Firms with higher EU revenue exposure experience lower cost of equity, improved liquidity, and expanded analyst coverage fol…

Paula Heeß

This dissertation examines how information systems support sustainable transformation, designing digital infrastructures for energy flexibility integration and Digital Product Passports (DPPs). It advocates proactive data orchestration for …

Gaia Balp

The European Commission's Omnibus I Initiative revises the CSRD to reduce reporting burdens by narrowing scope and postponing deadlines, but risks information gaps that could undermine SFDR and the EU sustainable finance architecture. The e…

Sharma R.

This paper examines how the CSRD affects sustainability reporting practices of German companies, analyzing changes in content, process, and assurance. It provides insights into regulatory diffusion, relevant for firms adopting ISSB/SSBJ sta…

O. P. Okeke

This study compares stakeholder perceptions of GRI vs SASB sustainability reports using surveys and content analysis. Non-investors favor GRI for comprehensiveness; investors prefer SASB for decision-usefulness. Dual reporting aligned with …

Piia Korri

This dissertation examines the institutionalization of sustainability reporting in the EU and the US through three essays: corporate culture and ESG rating disagreement, NFRD spillover to US multinationals, and stakeholder engagement in CSR…

Kosi U.

This paper investigates the readiness of firms for the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). It analyzes the complexity of disclosure requirements and data collection challenges, assessing the degree of corporate prepare…

Aleena Varekat Charly, Tetiana Paientko

This paper examines stock price reactions to five CSRD milestones using matched German DAX and US S&P 500 firms. The annual difference-in-differences estimator yields a positive coefficient, but diagnostics indicate it does not identify a r…

Philipp Krueger, Zacharias Sautner, Dragon Yongjun Tang +1

This paper constructs a comprehensive dataset of mandatory ESG disclosure regulations across countries, integrating sources like C&S, SSE, and GRI. It provides a systematic overview of country-level policies, updated from the 2021 version, …

Farkas M.

This paper discusses the design of the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), drawing on management systems theory to argue for a strategic approach. It proposes integrating disclosure requirements into corporate strategy…

Asad Abbas, Muhammad Usman Qureshi, Muhammad Azeem +1

This article compares CSR/ESG/sustainability/climate disclosure requirements for listed companies in Pakistan as of 2026 with US federal securities law and California's climate rules. Pakistan mandates IFRS S1/S2 on a phased basis while kee…