温室効果ガス排出と気候変動が畑作物生産に与える影響：現行エビデンス、課題、適応戦略
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Impacts on Row Crop Production: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Adaptation Strategies (原題)
Emmanuel Ogbonnia Oko, Chidinma Sarah Njoku
🤖 gxceed AI 要約
日本語
トウモロコシ・小麦・米・大豆を対象に、GHG排出と気候変動影響の相互作用を2015年以降の文献で整理したレビュー。N₂Oは畑地、CH₄は水田が主要排出経路だが、結果は算定境界や期間に敏感である。改良品種・作付時期調整・水管理・窒素管理などの適応策は有効性が文脈依存で、トレードオフも大きい。適応政策は一律推奨ではなく、地域・条件に応じた統合的実践の組み合わせへ転換すべきと結論づける。
English
A narrative review synthesizing post-2015 evidence on GHG emissions and climate impacts for maize, wheat, rice and soybean. N₂O dominates upland systems via nitrogen fertilization, while CH₄ is key in flooded rice; results are highly sensitive to system boundaries and timeframe. Adaptation options (cultivars, planting dates, water and nitrogen management) are context-specific with significant trade-offs. The authors argue resilience is a property of whole production systems, urging integrated, location-specific policy over universal recommendations.
Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.
📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters
日本のGX文脈において
日本では農業分野のGHG算定・削減がGX推進法や食料・農業・農村基本計画の論点となりつつある。本レビューは水田CH₄と畑地N₂Oの算定境界・期間依存性を示し、Scope 3 農産物調達や食品企業のサプライチェーン排出管理を検討する日本企業にとって、算定前提を再確認する材料となる。
In the global GX context
While focused on agronomy rather than disclosure frameworks, the review speaks directly to Scope 3 agriculture accounting under GHG Protocol and CSRD/ISSB supply-chain expectations. Its emphasis on system boundaries, timeframe sensitivity and trade-offs (e.g. water management cutting CH₄ but raising N₂O) is a caution for corporates and standard-setters building agricultural emission factors and transition plans.
👥 読者別の含意
🔬研究者:農業GHG算定の境界・期間依存性と適応策のトレードオフを整理する基礎文献として有用。
🏢実務担当者:食品・農業関連企業がScope 3農産物排出と適応リスクを評価する際の前提整理に使える。
🏛政策担当者:一律の適応推奨ではなく、地域・条件別の統合的実践支援へ政策設計を転換する根拠を提供する。
📄 Abstract（原文）
Climate change is increasingly affecting row-crop production systems, which are also sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This critical narrative review examines the interactions among GHG emissions, climate change, and row-crop production, specifically for maize, wheat, rice and soybean. The review brings together peer-reviewed evidence published primarily since 2015 to analyse key emission pathways, stressors, physiological and yield responses, adaptation options, methodological and context-specific considerations and reported results and outcomes. The evidence demonstrates that climate impacts are highly context-specific and that compound stresses and elevated atmospheric CO₂, drought, heat and flooding affect different crops in different ways, depending on their developmental stage, genotype, and environmental conditions. N₂O is a significant GHG emitted from upland systems due to nitrogen fertilisation and soil processes, and CH₄ is a significant emission pathway in flooded rice systems. GHG results, however, are quite sensitive to the type of GHG being reported, system boundaries, environmental conditions, and study timeframe. Resilience can be improved through adaptation strategies such as the use of improved cultivars, planting-date adjustments, irrigation and water management, conservation methods, diversification, and improved nitrogen management, but these are rarely effective in all situations. A number of strategies also involve significant trade-offs, such as higher N₂O emissions resulting from water management practices that reduce methane emissions and higher energy-related emissions from irrigation. The overall assessment is that climate resilience is not necessarily a property of individual practices, but rather of the entire production system and its context. Long-term, multi-location, multi-factor studies that include productivity, GHG emissions, water use, soil carbon and economic outcomes are needed, with a focus on under-represented regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. Climate adaptation policies should, for this reason, shift from mandating universal recommendations to combining practices in an integrated way for farmers in the specific locations and conditions in which they operate, to achieve a balance between productivity, resilience, environmental performance and farmer welfare.
🔗 Provenance — このレコードを発見したソース
- openalex https://doi.org/10.56557/jogee/2026/v22i311111first seen 2026-10-03 04:49:10
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