The Distribution of Non-Purchased Fuel Carbon Emissions in Pakistan

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:This paper provides empirical evidence and a methodological framework (selection-adjusted quantile regression) for measuring household carbon emissions from non-market fuels.

🏢実務担当者:Carbon accounting professionals in governments or NGOs working on national inventories in developing countries can use this to improve emission estimates.

🏛政策担当者:Policymakers should consider including non-purchased fuels in national emissions reporting to avoid underestimation and to design equitable climate mitigation strategies.

抄録 低・中所得国における世帯の炭素排出量は、非購入バイオマス燃料を実証分析から除外すると、系統的に過小評価される可能性がある。この問題はパキスタンにおいて特に重要であり、貧困層や農村部の世帯は、公式な市場取引の外で入手される薪、牛糞ケーキ、農業残渣に引き続き依存している。本稿は、非購入燃料を組み込むことが、パキスタンにおける世帯のエネルギー関連炭素排出量の水準と分布をどのように変えるかを検討する。2018年パキスタン世帯予算調査を用いて、発生源ベースの排出量会計と記述的分析および選択調整済み分位点回帰を組み合わせる。この枠組みは、非購入燃料使用の非ランダムな発生と、消費分布全体にわたる不均一性の両方を考慮する。結果は、非購入燃料への依存が貧困層および農村部の世帯に集中しており、低所得、近代的エネルギーへのアクセス制限、世帯構成、住居特性と密接に関連していることを示す。選択効果も重要であり、選択補正済み手法の使用を支持する。知見は、非市場燃料を除外すると、特に厚生分布の下位端において世帯の炭素排出量が過小評価されることを示す。これらは、バイオマス依存経済における世帯排出量の測定と分配上の環境分析に、非購入エネルギー使用を組み込む必要性を強調する。

AI 翻訳（deepseek-v4-flash）。 正確を期す場合は下の原文を参照してください。

Abstract Household carbon emissions in low-and middle-income countries may be systematically underestimated when non-purchased biomass fuels are excluded from empirical analysis. This issue is particularly relevant in Pakistan, where poorer and rural households continue to rely on firewood, dung cakes, and agricultural residues obtained outside formal market transactions. This paper examines how incorporating non-purchased fuels changes the level and distribution of household energy-related carbon emissions in Pakistan. Using the 2018 Pakistan Household Budget Survey, we combine source-based emissions accounting with descriptive analysis and selection-adjusted quantile regression. This framework accounts for both the non-random incidence of non-purchased fuel use and heterogeneity across the consumption distribution. The results show that reliance on non-purchased fuels is concentrated among poorer and rural households and is closely associated with lower income, limited access to modern energy, household composition, and housing characteristics. Selection effects are also important, supporting the use of selection-corrected methods. The findings show that excluding nonmarket fuels understates household carbon emissions, particularly at the lower end of the welfare distribution. They highlight the need to incorporate non-purchased energy use into household emissions measurement and distributional environmental analysis in biomassdependent economies.

• openalex https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae863cfirst seen 2026-07-14 04:45:48