Biochar and Compost Effects on Soil Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties: Implications for Remediation and Climate Mitigation

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

🔬研究者:Provides a comprehensive synthesis of biochar-compost interactions, highlighting knowledge gaps for future mechanistic and long-term field studies.

🏢実務担当者:Offers practical insights into optimizing soil amendments for carbon sequestration and emission reduction, useful for farmers and land managers.

🏛政策担当者:Summarizes evidence to inform agricultural and climate policies, including carbon credit schemes and sustainable soil management frameworks.

集約的な農業、土地利用変化、気候変動によって引き起こされる土壌劣化は、世界的な食料安全保障と生態系の持続可能性を脅かしています。バイオ炭や堆肥などの有機質資材は、土壌回復と持続可能な農業生産のための気候スマートな戦略としてますます認識されています。本レビューでは、バイオ炭と堆肥の単独および併用効果を、土壌の物理的・化学的・生物的性質に焦点を当てて評価し、特に土壌浄化と気候変動緩和に重点を置いています。多様な農業生態系における土壌健全性、炭素隔離、養分動態、温室効果ガス排出、汚染物質浄化への影響を評価するため、発表された文献を統合しました。バイオ炭は、その多孔質構造、大きな表面積、化学的安定性により、土壌構造、保水性、養分保持能、長期的な炭素安定化を向上させます。堆肥は、易分解性有機物、養分、有益微生物を供給し、それにより養分循環と土壌肥沃度を改善します。両者の併用は、養分利用効率、微生物活性、作物生産性、土壌レジリエンスの向上など、相乗効果をもたらすことがしばしばあります。併用施用はまた、メタン（CH₄）、亜酸化窒素（N₂O）、アンモニア（NH₃）の排出を削減しつつ、土壌炭素隔離を増加させます。さらに、バイオ炭と堆肥の複合システムは、吸着、錯体形成、微生物プロセスを通じて汚染物質の固定化と分解を促進します。全体として、資材の効果は、原料特性、製造条件、土壌特性、気候、施用率に依存します。今後の研究では、持続可能な土壌管理を最適化するために、長期的な圃場試験、メカニズム解明、経済評価を優先すべきです。

AI 翻訳（deepseek-v4-flash）。 正確を期す場合は下の原文を参照してください。

Soil degradation driven by intensive agriculture, land-use change, and climate variability threatens global food security and ecosystem sustainability. Organic amendments such as biochar and compost are increasingly recognized as climate-smart strategies for soil restoration and sustainable agricultural production. This review evaluates the individual and combined effects of biochar and compost on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, with emphasis on soil remediation and climate change mitigation. Published literature was synthesized to assess impacts on soil health, carbon sequestration, nutrient dynamics, greenhouse gas emissions, and contaminant remediation across diverse agroecosystems. Biochar enhances soil structure, water-holding capacity, nutrient retention, and long-term carbon stabilization because of its porous structure, large surface area, and chemical stability. Compost supplies labile organic matter, nutrients, and beneficial microorganisms, thereby improving nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Their combined application often generates synergistic benefits, including enhanced nutrient-use efficiency, microbial activity, crop productivity, and soil resilience. Co-application also mitigates methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and ammonia (NH₃) emissions while increasing soil carbon sequestration. Furthermore, biochar–compost systems promote contaminant immobilization and degradation through adsorption, complexation, and microbial processes. Overall, amendment effectiveness depends on feedstock characteristics, production conditions, soil properties, climate, and application rates. Future research should prioritize long-term field studies, mechanistic investigations, and economic assessments to optimize sustainable soil management.

• openalex https://doi.org/10.54219/plantenviron.07.1.2026.374first seen 2026-06-18 05:48:16