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農業生態系における気候変動と土壌健康：フィードバック機構・脆弱性・適応戦略のレビュー

Climate Change and Soil Health in Agroecosystems: A Review of Feedback Mechanisms, Vulnerabilities, and Adaptation Strategies (原題)

Isabella Amelia

📚 査読済 / ジャーナル2026-10-21#気候科学対象セクター: agriculture
DOI: 10.61424/bjaes.v3i2.1111
原典: https://doi.org/10.61424/bjaes.v3i2.1111
📄 PDF

🤖 gxceed AI 要約

日本語

気候変動が農業生態系の土壌健康に及ぼす影響を、気温・降水・CO2濃度・極端気象の変化を通じて整理したレビュー。温暖化は有機物分解と養分無機化を加速し、干ばつや豪雨は侵食・微生物過程の攪乱・養分保持の低下を招く。一方、有機物の多い健全な土壌は気候緩和と極端気象へのレジリエンスに寄与するが、その効果は土壌型・気候・管理・水・養分条件に依存する。保全型農業や輪作多様化等の適応策は有効性が地域条件で変動し、GHG・水利用・コスト面のトレードオフを伴うと結論する。

English

This review synthesizes how climate change alters soil health in agroecosystems via temperature, precipitation, CO2, and extreme weather. Warming accelerates organic matter decomposition and nutrient mineralization, while droughts and heavy rainfall increase erosion and disrupt microbial processes. Healthy soils with high organic matter can aid mitigation and resilience, but benefits depend on soil type, climate, management, and water/nutrient availability. Adaptation options like conservation agriculture and agroforestry vary by local context and involve trade-offs in GHG emissions, water use, and cost.

Unofficial AI-generated summary based on the public title and abstract. Not an official translation.

📝 gxceed 編集解説 — Why this matters

日本のGX文脈において

土壌炭素・農業由来GHGはScope 3や食品セクターの排出算定に関わるが、本稿は開示制度に直接接続しない。日本の農業・食品企業がサプライチェーン排出や自然資本評価を検討する際の基礎的知見として位置づけられる。

In the global GX context

Soil organic carbon and agricultural emissions feed into Scope 3 accounting and nature-related disclosure (TNFD), though this review does not address disclosure frameworks directly. It offers scientific grounding for food and agriculture firms assessing land-based emissions and soil carbon removals within climate transition planning.

👥 読者別の含意

🔬研究者:土壌炭素動態と気候フィードバックの既存知見を整理する出発点として有用。

🏢実務担当者:食品・農業関連のScope 3や自然資本評価の基礎理解に活用できる。

🏛政策担当者:土壌保全と気候適応を結びつける農業政策設計の根拠として参照可能。

📄 Abstract（原文）

Climate change is increasingly affecting soil health in agroecosystems through changes in temperature, precipitation, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Soil health, which encompasses physical structure, chemical fertility, biological activity, and the capacity to sustain ecosystem functions, plays a critical role in agricultural productivity, climate regulation, water conservation, and food security. This review examines the interactions between climate change and soil health, emphasizing feedback mechanisms, vulnerabilities across agroecosystems, and adaptation strategies for enhancing agricultural resilience. The review synthesizes established scientific literature on soil organic carbon dynamics, greenhouse gas emissions, soil moisture regulation, erosion, nutrient cycling, microbial communities, and soil biodiversity. The evidence indicates that warming can accelerate soil organic matter decomposition and nutrient mineralization, while droughts and intense rainfall can increase erosion, disrupt microbial processes, and reduce nutrient retention. Conversely, healthy soils with high organic matter content, stable aggregates, diverse microbial communities, and effective water infiltration can contribute to climate mitigation and improve resilience to climatic extremes. However, these benefits depend on soil type, climate, land management, and the availability of water and nutrients. Adaptation approaches, including conservation agriculture, cover cropping, diversified crop rotations, organic amendments, agroforestry, improved nutrient management, and integrated soil and water conservation, can help maintain soil functionality under changing climatic conditions. Their effectiveness varies according to local environmental and socioeconomic circumstances, and some interventions involve trade-offs related to greenhouse gas emissions, water use, and implementation costs. The review concludes that protecting soil health requires integrated, locally appropriate management supported by long-term monitoring, farmer participation, and policies that recognize soils as both vulnerable resources and essential components of climate adaptation and mitigation.

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